Yinye yezinto ezityelekayo ukusetshentela amabhokisi kunye nezilungu ezinaziphelela izimbali zethu ziyibhedlela u-Acephate usobho olusetyenziswa ukusetshentela. Lekhishwo leziyongeza okuthi ubani u-Acephate kunye nokuthi wasetshenziswa ngalini. Zoba zithetha izicwangciso nezihlanganiswa zakho - Zoba zithi ngokushesha ukuthi uzihlabeleka ukusetshenziswa ngempumelelo kunye nokuthi alungiselele.
Acephate Ukhululiwe Phambi Kokunene Ne 1970s Nge-Stauffer Chemical Company. Acephate Wakhuliwe Ukuphakamisa Izinkomo Zokugcina Ukusuka Ezindzuzane Eziphathelayo (Nobusa) Abantu Ababekho, Futhi Umbhizinisi Wesintsiya Noma Amacorn Kabi Ngonyaka We-1984, Ngokusho Kwesikhathi Sokuqala Sokusebenza Ngokubhekeka Ngesintsiya Nangamathegiya Ewastate Yase-United States, Ngokusho Kwesikhathi Lesi Lahlukileyo (EPA). Lokhu Wakungena Ukuba Besebe Kulandelayo Noma Iindlela Edingekayo. Ngokusho, Ukusebenzisa Kwesintsiya Yesi Luhlukileyo Esiphakeme Esikhatsini Noma Izigardeni Ngenxa Yoko Yebo Mntu Okusebenzela Ngokubheka Izinkomo Ezindzuzane Ezihlanganisayo Ekufundweni Kwesintsiya.
Ngaphandle kwezinto ezinomsindo zonke, umshameleli wokushintsha ayiqondiswa ngaphandle kokuthi kunekuhlukaniso noma amazwana omphakathi. Kungatholakali ukuthi lokunyeleyo lusafani ukuze ithuse ngokubalulekile njengoba kufanele kube ngendawo yakho. Ngokushesha, ungashintshwa ngokukhangelwa kumhlaba kunye nokulula ukuncedisi kwezinye izinto, xa usetyenziswa ngaphambili okanye kuyityenziswa ngamabini abaningi, sodium benzoate uzama ukuba imiphumela yezisonto. Ngakho ke kufuneka libe luhluke kakhulu.
Ukucabanga ukuthi lokungayiphatheka ukushintsha izimbuzwana zihlukanisele kulandeluleyo kwiqhelenkosi leyo yokushintsha. Ukugcina amacawa akudibanise kakhulu kunye nokuhlala kakhulu kwamathumba angavamile. Lokhu kungahlinzekela izithombe, ngakho ke ashiye ukuthi akasindise kuwo wona ongakushintsha noma akagcinise kuwo wona ongashintsha. Ngemva kokuthi kukhetha ukusuka kwezimbuzwana ezikhulu ezingaphambili kwezinhlanga ezifundzwane, futhi ukwenza iindlela zakelwayo zokuhlala.
Umsebenzi wokuqinisekisa kwezindlela ezifana ne-Acephate uzama ukusuka kwisekhono somdlalo wesilinda. Ukhiqiza kwindawo yokusebenza yale ndlela, lokhu lufuneka lusuke luhlabe ngaphakathi komdlalo wesilinda nokulindela ukuthi umdlalo wesilinda wokwesaba wasekuhlala ngendlela yakho. Lokhu kuxabana ukuthi amasiphenjisi akalayisani ukuthi abeze babuyele kuqhubeke ngenqanawe emhlabeni. Ngakho ke, bafuna ukubuyeleka nokugcina okungcono engeke kuhlonipha imibuzo esebenzayo phakathi komdlalo wesilinda. Ngoko ke, bakalayisani ukuba bazame ukugcina nokukhathalwa ngokusetyenziswa kwe-Acephate. Lokhu kulandelayo ukuba u-Acephate uyathola ukwenza ukususa izinsuku eziphazamisayo.
Kungahluke kungaba kuhluke ukuthi umsebenzi wokuqinisekisa kwe-Acephate usebenzise ngokuphambili kwezinto ezidinga ukususa izinsuku. Yinto elinye leyo ilingeniso elithile luhlala kuyo i-Integrated Pest Management (IPM). Ungaphi IPM?- Ngokushesha, IPM inceda sikhona ukuthi sikhethele isiphumo esingaphezulu lokuthi sikhetha ukuthi siyisebenzela ngokungcono kunoma ukuthi singahlala ngokuphambili kwezinto ezihlabeleleyo. Ngakho ke, sikhetha ukuthi sisebenzise uphawu lwemibono nokuthi sibuyeleye ubumnyama obungako ngokwesintu.
U-Acephate lusobho olunqaniswe ekwiiMikroveshi eNingizimu Afrika ngeEnvironmental Protection Agency (EPA). Ngenxa yokuba kusebenzisa ngaso siko esabelene nesiko lokusebenza, i-EPA lisetyenziswa ukuthi ubani obhokisi bafundise imigomo yesiyo. Ukugcina abantu kunye nokudla ezifanele, amaphathisethi ahlala apho akukho amandla asetyenziswa ukusebenza kwesobho lwenqaniso. I-EPA ligama elithile lokuhlola, ukuphakamisa kunye nokubhalisela izinto zokusetyenziswa ezinikezeli u-Acephate. Ngokulolu khona, umsebenzisi angayazi ukuthi usebenze ngempumelelo kunye nokuthi alungiselele.
U-Shanghai CIE Chemical Co.,ltd. wakwaziwe ngomhlanje weNovemba 28, 2013. U-CIE uqondile kuhlukelela izinto ezikhemikali zokuthuthwa ngamashumi amathathu. Ngokugcina lokhu, siza kuhlala ngenkxaso yokuthuthukisa ukuba bheka amaninzi okungavunyelwe kumlando. Ngaphandle kwesinye isitshalo sakho sihlala esingavumeleyo umkhondo wogcinwa wesinti eliphambili lwe-glyphosate ngamashumi amahlanu emibuzweni kunye no-acetochlor ngamashumi amahlanu emihlanu. Ngaphandle kwesinye, sikhuseleka nama-ndaba omunye ukuphatha i-paraquat kunye no-imidacloprid. Ngokwesobizo, uhlobo lwethulethu lucacile yilokishane. Ngokuqondile, i-dosage ethunyelwe singakwazanga ukuphawula i-SL, SC, OSC, OD, EC, EW, ULV, WDG, WSG, SG, G, nokulandelayo. Ngokugcina lokhu, idipartimanti yesayithi yakho sifumanekileyo sikhona sesenza ukubheka izindlela ezindala zokuthuthukisa ukuba sikwazi ukuphawula amanye amagama ezingavunyelwe ngokwesayithi. Ukudibanisa lokhu, uhlobo lwezinhlobo zakho zakwazi ukufinyelela imigomo yezilungileyo ezidinga izinsuzo zokushesha kulo mhlaba ongcinezela. Sizoba sibhekisele ukuba lokhu sijikeleze ngendlela esisodwa. Ngaphandle kwesinye, khona manje, sithunyelwe ukususa ukuthi sikhetha amakhono amashumi amabirhantshi ngemlandaweni eyisithathu ngalokho kumlando. Ngokugcina lokhu, sikhuseleka ukuthi sibheka i-GLP ukuthi sikhetha amagama angavela.
Izinhlobo zokugcina esithunyelwa siyifane kakhulu nge-amandla okuthiwe ngokwesifundazwe sokugcina neziqhaza ezikhona. Ukhetho oluphephile kunye nephumela kwalokho lokusebenza kwezinhlobo. 1. Ukuzibophelela ngaphambi kokuthuthukiswa: Sizobheka izimbongi eziphakamisayo ngaphambi kokuthuthukiswa ukubophelela izimbongi ukusihlukanisa izimemezo ezahlukene zabo ngokusebenzela, uqukuqaleni, ukugcina kunye nokuhlola kwezinto ezinye ilophu lomncedo nokulawula. Izindlela ezinomsindo ezinikezeli zingabheke amaxwebhu, iimeyilayenti noma ukungena kwiintlonji yezindaba ngaphambi kokuthengiswa. 2. Ukufundiswa ngaphandle kokuthuthukiswa: Sizofunda izinsuku ezidinga ukufundiswa kwesicwangciso sokugcina, ubuhle besiqinisekisi, abaholi, kunye nokuhlola ukuthi wenza ngcono. 3. Ukubuyisela ngaphandle kokuthuthukiswa: Sizobuya kumhlawuli wethu ngemva kobudala ukubuyekeza ukuthi bafundi nokuthi babhekisele, sibheke izinkinga zakhe kunye namandla akhe, uzokusetyenziswa kwabantu abaningi.
Kwesiphumo sase-CIE, uzokufika ngezintsha ezincane zokugcina amagcinelo okuthile nokusebenziswa kwezinto eziphumaphi ngoba sihloniphe phakathi kwamakhemikali nokuthinta izinto ezintsha lezizama ukusukumisa abantu bethu. Ngosinyathelo so-21 umsebenzi wethu wahlonipha amandla omphakathi bakhe. Ngemuva kokudibaniswa kokuphela, sithanda ukubuka kumakhefu, njengesi-Aregentina, i-Bhazili, i-Suriname, i-Paraguay, i-Peru, i-Afrika, i-South Asia futhi oku. Ngonyaka 2024, sibonisa ukuba sikhona imisebiso yobunxokenyano nabo makhosi we-39 ngesikhatsi esikhulu. Ngokushesha, sizohlala ukuthi singenzele kulandel’ ubuhle bezinto kwiindlela eziningi.
1. Ukuhlala okuphumelelwa: Amaphetha amaphansi akuyazi ukukhathala ngokulandelana nezilungiselelo ezifana namaphetha, umphofu nohlolwano olunamandla, ukusuka kwezilungiselelo zezimpahla nokuhlala ekutheni lapho lizikhona uphucumeyo lokugcina izinkomo zokudla. 2. Ukufinyelela indawo yesikhathi: Ukusetyenziswa kwamaphetha amaphansi akuyazi ukufinyelela imali yokusebenza kunye nesikhathi sokuqala sokuziphatha kanye nokuba kuhluke ukuhlala kwenzeleyo lwemithombo yokususa. 3. Ukugcina imali yomthwalo: Amaphetha amaphansi akuyazi ukugcina AIDS, ukusukela isikhatsi sakugcina, kunye nokusetshenziswa kwisebentiso somphahla wakugcina imali elibhodweni. 4. Ukugcina uhlobo lomphahla wenkosi: Amaphetha amaphansi akuyazi ukugcina nokuhlala ukusukela isikhatsi sakugcina, ukusuka kwezilungiselelo zokubhekisisa nokuhlala ukusukela ukusukela ukusukela ukusukela ukusukela.
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