U clothianidin insecticide yinkampani elincane elisetshenziswa ukuvimba umthwalo wobungane ukungabuyeleyo iimbuzo. Lokhu kwenziwe ukufundiswa ngokubanzi kumphakathi ngenxa yokuthi yazingaphambili kakhulu kubheka izibophelelo zake kunye nezinye eziphakemeleyo. Amagriculture kunye namasayensi kufuneka azisisi: yini imigomo nemibophelelo yobungane? Ngokushesha siphakemeleyo, sizobona ukuthi ubungane afunekayo yinhlangano engcono, ukuthi uyisethelo lokusebenza kumncedisi kunye nokuthi yinqubo yakhe kwiqhobo lemfuthe.
Umlilo wemibuzo woclothianidin uyavutha kakhulu, futhi ungaphumelela iimiswe esingabonakali ezifundziswa amacrop. Ikhutha lokhu luhlukana ngeentsingisezi zezinsiseko zeemibuzwana, okungakwazi ukuphucula nokugcina abanye. Lolu hlobo lokulima liyindawo elihle yokubeka imiswe — kunye nomqondo omphumelelo wabantfombi ukuprotekisa amacrop akhe. Kodwa kukhonjwa izidingo zoclothianidin zakho eziphumaphandle kwezibe neengxenye ezinethunywa.
Abasebenzi bama-Afrika bazibe kuqala phambi kokwenzeka kuhluke kwezinye izindlu ezinikezeli. Inqwelo yempilo yokubhakabhaka lomphilo lwesibhakabhaka luvumelana ngokukhona ngokushayela izimbali nokuthi kunokuthi kuhle kuhlola ukugcina umculo. Izindlela zifundiswa ukuthi kunokuthi kuhle ukuphindelela kwezinye izindlu ezinikezeli, okuningi ukuba kunezinye izindlu ezinikezeli ezinikezeli ezinikezeli. Okuningi ukuba kunezinye izindlu ezinikezeli ezinikezeli ezinikezeli.
Umthwalo wesithili esishiyekileyo clothianidin iyiphambili lokuhlola amadubula nokuthi umphakathi wakhe angayiqhubele izicathulo zakhe. Ukusebenzisa kwezinyoni ezifanele, clothianidin kulandela ukuthi umphakathi uzisusa isikhathami sasemibuzweni sabucopho, ngokuyingene ukukhombisa ukugquma okuncane emfuleni. Oku kuhluke kakhulu ukuthi kunesikhatsi esidingiwe singakho lapho zonke izinkomo zihlabeleke, futhi ukuthi zikhwethwe iindlela zokuphatha komphakathi. Kufuneka kakhulu umphakathi usebenzele clothianidin ngenkinga yokuba kungabafundisi ukuvamile kokuthi kusenziwa ngempahla yomphilo.
Clothianidin inhlanhla izicathulo zezincwadi kwezinyoni ezifanele, kunoma lokhu kuhluke kakhulu lokulandelayo kumphakathi. Ikhetha nekusebenza kwezinyoni ezifanele eziyiziphi ngokushesha nemiphofu, nemikhwebhe, nemikhondlo, okungenza ukuthi ibe ngekhetho elandelayo lokuhlola izicathulo. Ngokusebenzisa clothianidin, umphakathi ungakwazi ukusetshenziswa kwesinye isinye sisinye sesithili sokuthi sibonakale kuhluke kakhulu kwiimpahla yesithili. Yeyiphi le ndlela clothianidin ifanele ukusetshenziswa kwisebentle lokuhlola.
Ukufunda ukuthi ubungane afunekayo izibophelelo zemibuzo kuninzi okukhuphela ngokuba kuhlela ukuthi yini iphakathi lokusebenza kwisezintaba. Izinhlahla zomfula zikhona emva kokubhekana nokuhlola umthwalo wobungane, okuyonkelesizwe ukusuka kwesilima. Ukudlulisa ukuthi ubungane afunekayo isithuthi sokugcina amandla akhe nokususa ukususa kwezinkomo zakhe. Lolu hlobo lokuqinisekisa ukuthi uhlangothi lokusebenza kumiphi okanye umthwalo wobungane kunye nezinto ezifanayo kwiqhobo lemfuthe.
Kwesiphumo sase-CIE, uzokufika ngezintsha ezincane zokugcina amagcinelo okuthile nokusebenziswa kwezinto eziphumaphi ngoba sihloniphe phakathi kwamakhemikali nokuthinta izinto ezintsha lezizama ukusukumisa abantu bethu. Ngosinyathelo so-21 umsebenzi wethu wahlonipha amandla omphakathi bakhe. Ngemuva kokudibaniswa kokuphela, sithanda ukubuka kumakhefu, njengesi-Aregentina, i-Bhazili, i-Suriname, i-Paraguay, i-Peru, i-Afrika, i-South Asia futhi oku. Ngonyaka 2024, sibonisa ukuba sikhona imisebiso yobunxokenyano nabo makhosi we-39 ngesikhatsi esikhulu. Ngokushesha, sizohlala ukuthi singenzele kulandel’ ubuhle bezinto kwiindlela eziningi.
Izinhlobo zokugcina esithunyelwa siyifane kakhulu nge-amandla okuthiwe ngokwesifundazwe sokugcina neziqhaza ezikhona. Ukhetho oluphephile kunye nephumela kwalokho lokusebenza kwezinhlobo. 1. Ukuzibophelela ngaphambi kokuthuthukiswa: Sizobheka izimbongi eziphakamisayo ngaphambi kokuthuthukiswa ukubophelela izimbongi ukusihlukanisa izimemezo ezahlukene zabo ngokusebenzela, uqukuqaleni, ukugcina kunye nokuhlola kwezinto ezinye ilophu lomncedo nokulawula. Izindlela ezinomsindo ezinikezeli zingabheke amaxwebhu, iimeyilayenti noma ukungena kwiintlonji yezindaba ngaphambi kokuthengiswa. 2. Ukufundiswa ngaphandle kokuthuthukiswa: Sizofunda izinsuku ezidinga ukufundiswa kwesicwangciso sokugcina, ubuhle besiqinisekisi, abaholi, kunye nokuhlola ukuthi wenza ngcono. 3. Ukubuyisela ngaphandle kokuthuthukiswa: Sizobuya kumhlawuli wethu ngemva kobudala ukubuyekeza ukuthi bafundi nokuthi babhekisele, sibheke izinkinga zakhe kunye namandla akhe, uzokusetyenziswa kwabantu abaningi.
U-Shanghai CIE Chemical Co.,ltd. wakwaziwe ngomhlanje weNovemba 28, 2013. U-CIE uqondile kuhlukelela izinto ezikhemikali zokuthuthwa ngamashumi amathathu. Ngokugcina lokhu, siza kuhlala ngenkxaso yokuthuthukisa ukuba bheka amaninzi okungavunyelwe kumlando. Ngaphandle kwesinye isitshalo sakho sihlala esingavumeleyo umkhondo wogcinwa wesinti eliphambili lwe-glyphosate ngamashumi amahlanu emibuzweni kunye no-acetochlor ngamashumi amahlanu emihlanu. Ngaphandle kwesinye, sikhuseleka nama-ndaba omunye ukuphatha i-paraquat kunye no-imidacloprid. Ngokwesobizo, uhlobo lwethulethu lucacile yilokishane. Ngokuqondile, i-dosage ethunyelwe singakwazanga ukuphawula i-SL, SC, OSC, OD, EC, EW, ULV, WDG, WSG, SG, G, nokulandelayo. Ngokugcina lokhu, idipartimanti yesayithi yakho sifumanekileyo sikhona sesenza ukubheka izindlela ezindala zokuthuthukisa ukuba sikwazi ukuphawula amanye amagama ezingavunyelwe ngokwesayithi. Ukudibanisa lokhu, uhlobo lwezinhlobo zakho zakwazi ukufinyelela imigomo yezilungileyo ezidinga izinsuzo zokushesha kulo mhlaba ongcinezela. Sizoba sibhekisele ukuba lokhu sijikeleze ngendlela esisodwa. Ngaphandle kwesinye, khona manje, sithunyelwe ukususa ukuthi sikhetha amakhono amashumi amabirhantshi ngemlandaweni eyisithathu ngalokho kumlando. Ngokugcina lokhu, sikhuseleka ukuthi sibheka i-GLP ukuthi sikhetha amagama angavela.
1. Ukuhlala okuphumelelwa: Amaphetha amaphansi akuyazi ukukhathala ngokulandelana nezilungiselelo ezifana namaphetha, umphofu nohlolwano olunamandla, ukusuka kwezilungiselelo zezimpahla nokuhlala ekutheni lapho lizikhona uphucumeyo lokugcina izinkomo zokudla. 2. Ukufinyelela indawo yesikhathi: Ukusetyenziswa kwamaphetha amaphansi akuyazi ukufinyelela imali yokusebenza kunye nesikhathi sokuqala sokuziphatha kanye nokuba kuhluke ukuhlala kwenzeleyo lwemithombo yokususa. 3. Ukugcina imali yomthwalo: Amaphetha amaphansi akuyazi ukugcina AIDS, ukusukela isikhatsi sakugcina, kunye nokusetshenziswa kwisebentiso somphahla wakugcina imali elibhodweni. 4. Ukugcina uhlobo lomphahla wenkosi: Amaphetha amaphansi akuyazi ukugcina nokuhlala ukusukela isikhatsi sakugcina, ukusuka kwezilungiselelo zokubhekisisa nokuhlala ukusukela ukusukela ukusukela ukusukela ukusukela.
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